Sunday 23 September 2012

Women's technical advantages

Continuing to fulfil my promises, I 'll now analyse what technical advantages women have over men and how they occur.

First of all, it's a myth that "men are stronger". They just look bigger. Keep in mind that size isn't everything. Actually, the strength of a muscle is calculated with the following multiplication: size*quality. So, what is muscle quality? It's the pureness of the muscle mass. Testosterone has a big disadvantage that has an effect here: it is fat-friendly. So it attracts fat cells as it flows through the body, but these fat cells often can't get past all the gaps, so they stick in between the muscle fibres. And this is how the muscles get to look bigger without becoming stronger. This also explains why "pure testosterone" is, as I said in the doping article, a myth, as far as it goes for doping. And apart from all these, there also is that experiment a team of Swedish physiologists did, which proves that the female hormones actually protect the muscles (contrary to what masculinists scream all over the planet). They found a man and a woman of the same age, same height, same weight and same muscle mass percentage and told them to armwrestle. Not only did the woman win, but the man's bicep got ripped in two! The contestants were also wearing a special piece of hormone-monitoring equipment, which proved all the fat-friendliness of testosterone, while also showing that estradiol is a thinner liquid than testosterone, so estradiol not only keeps fat out of the muscles, but it also lubricates the muscle cells a lot more efficiently, which is why women can handle heavier training, while men often have to deal with muscle injuries (ruptures etc). But, no matter what your gender is, it is good to keep in mind that everything has its limits. Even the best cars break down at some time. Just like this, even the clearest muscles can't take any kind of training. How will you deal with this? Listen to your body. Plan your training according to how you feel your muscles. If you set your targets too high, you are at risk of a muscle injury. If you set them too low, you won't progress as fast as you can. (Yes, I understand that not every single girl/woman has or can buy the equipment needed for measuring hormone ratios... But if you have such equipment, keep in mind that, the more female your ratio is, the heavier the training you can handle with no problems.)

Proper sports though aren't all about strength, are they? Don't worry for this, girls! We have more advantages than just the ability to gain more strength (which in fact is just the tip of the iceberg). A very important advantage of estradiol is its conductivity. And if you wonder how this helps, I may remind you how our nerve system works. Or did you remember already that it works with electric signals? And exactly because these signals aren't very intense in any case, it's very important that we have estradiol which lets us enjoy a more efficient transportation of nerve signals (they travel much faster and do not have that much loss, compared to what happens in men). The better speed helps us react faster (training helps this even more by making the muscle cells more elastic and therefore the muscle more flexible, that's also how we are more flexible than men, in case you wondered) and the better signal end quality helps accuracy, which is extremely important if you want to perform difficult techniques or just aim very accurately (both things are essential in certain sports). A well planned training schedule also helps a lot with technique, because strong muscles that haven't surpassed their limits are very easy to handle when accuracy is more important than strength (i.e. a pass in football).

Many people think that strong athletes are artless, or technically advanced athletes are weak. Well, this is wrong, especially for women. Some strong men have no technique, I 've seen it. Some weak men are more accurate than these strong men, I 've seen it too. But there also are many weak men with no real technical skills, while most women do a great job combining strength (or the margin to gain it) and technique. One of the most important reasons for these differences in the ability to combine these two things is a thing we call "skeleton geometry", or more politely, "body infrastructure". This basically has to do with how the joints fold. The scientists still haven't found the exact reasons, but the more female your hormone ratio is, the straighter your joints fold. And this is a lot more important than it might sound. If you paid attention to physics lessons when at school, you should remember the lever law. Taking the bicep as an example, the lever is the forearm, the pulling force is the bicep's strength and the movement base obviously is the joint. So if the joint folds straight, the pulling force is applied vertically to the base's axis, so it sees no angle resistance, therefore the bicep's strength is fully used and the bicep itself doesn't have angular frictions to face against the arm bone it sits on. Do not get confused with this though. Most men's joints look good with bare eye, but they always have that slight inclination which may not be easily visible, but puts quite a big hurdle against men's muscle efficiency, which mostly affects accuracy though, as those angular frictions don't let the corresponding muscle work as it should, even though the muscle owner might not sense them.

Another technical advantage we have over men is our better breath system. Men's lungs are sometimes bigger but always much less efficient. Science hasn't figured exactly how this happens yet, but again the more feminine you are, the better you do. So it's not a miracle that the worst female football players cover more distance per match than the best males. I 've never seen a male football player cover more than 12,5Km, nor have I seen a female football player cover less than 14,5Km. Well, this (at least) 2Km gap isn't a result of some weird coincidence. (Note that I am comparing pros with pros. Amateurs aren't trained correctly, especially female amateurs, who are used by FIFA for nothing else than communicational reasons. Sad thing is that some of these female amateurs are labelled as "pros", just so that people don't discover the real professional football. This is also why the real professional women's teams have no internet sites, nor does their organising authority, which is named Women's UEFA but is totally irrelevant to Blatter's and Platini's advertisement companies. I 'll explain more on this at some time.)

Another technical advantage I mentioned above is flexibility, and I also explained how it occurs. I don't think I need to add anything on this topic. Just one name: Chloe Bruce. I think she's a good example of female flexibility. Her signature move (Scorpion kick) isn't doable by men.

And from all these, there is something else that occurs. A properly trained woman can and will run faster than any man in the universe. The straight joints help the most with speed, but the better muscle control is also very important, while the lubrication given by estradiol to the muscles helps maintain great speed for longer without weird pains. Ah, and as I mentioned pain, we also have better pain thresholds. This has been proved because pain can be measured, and childbirth pain isn't "a different kind of pain", so if a masculinist tells you otherwise, you can go scientific on him.

Apart from all these technical advantages of ours, we also have two mental advantages over men. Concentration skill and sense of discipline. Neuroscientists haven't figured out how the concentration skill ends up about 3 times better in women than in men, but the difference of skill itself has been proved multiple times. On the other hand, you 'll see that women's teams give out a more solid image than men's teams, and this totally has to do with the sense of discipline. While a male football player will go for dribbling everyone and scoring a goal at all costs, a female football player will quickly assess the situation and do something that actually makes sense and perfectly fits what the team's trainer has asked for in the dressing room.

If there is something you 'd like to add on this topic, you can leave comments. Thanks.

29 comments:

  1. Dear TheHellfireQueen,
    How are you?
    I have a question. If what you say is true, why is the male time for running in the Olympics shorter than female time? I believe that both have reached the same level of technical assistance and training, so I suppose there should not be any difference in favour of the stronger male sex.
    *winks*
    Julius/pequenosegredo

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    1. There is one problem though. Doping is about 10 times more effective on men, as all the doping drugs make more intense reactions with testosterone than with estradiol. This huge difference covers the female technical advantages, as men were meant to be weaker than women, but not entire weaklings (know the difference!). And no, not both genders have access to the same training levels. Trainers are instructed to give lower quality training to women so that men make better times. This thing happens with any sport controlled by some "official authority", as a lot of bribing is in the middle...

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    2. "A lot of bribing is in the middle"... You do know this is due to political causes, right? We definitely need to take action against these causes.

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    3. Women do run faster in the Olympics if you scale their times in terms of height :) e.g the average male sprinter is about 6ft yet the females are around 5ft3, if you normalised their times in terms of height per second instead of metres per second, women are currently running 2% faster than men, and this gap and female muscle power output in athletics is increasing at such a rate that it is predicted they will have surpassed men's fasted times in 100/200 m by 2054, even with the height difference and the fact that their are more men and they get more financial funding to aid them in their training.
      In other Olympic sports such as weightlifting women are already overtaking men, comparison of the top (Chinese) female lifters from the 2012 olypmics with the top (russian) male showed the female weightlifter is capable of assimilating a massive training load far beyond the mens capability. The Chinese female lifters were found to have exceeded the volume of lifts and also the number of high intensity lifts, in all exercises, of the Russian mens national team. It is not going to be long before they smash the men's world record lifts. Men's national recoreds are already starting to tumble to the girls, the US womens top lifter at 75 kg is lifting heavier weights than any male weightlifter in America. the uk had a 19 year old female lifter in 2012 whose lift broke not only the british womens lift for her weight but the mens under23 record for the weight division above. The Swedish womens records are greater than their mens for some weights
      Such comparisons are even more striking when you consider that women are not as encouraged, financially or motivationally, to go into sports as men are. As a result, the performance of women comes from a smaller 'pool' of athletes (there are far more men in sport than women, because males get more assistance and overall support). Thus, these females may not in fact be the best-possible representatives of female athletes in the world (better athletes may have easily become discouraged and dropped out of sports).

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    4. Good to see one more person understand exactly my point. "Women are not as encouraged, financially or motivationally, to go into sports as men are. As a result, the performance of women comes from a smaller 'pool' of athletes. Thus, these females may not in fact be the best-possible representatives of female athletes in the world (better athletes may have easily become discouraged and dropped out of sports)." I don't need to add something to this. Perfectly said.

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  2. Excellent article.

    Lara x

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    1. Thank you, Lara:) Hope your self-confidence has been raised by these scientific facts:) Make the most out of your obviously stunning level of talent, and don't forget to motivate other girls too:)

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    2. Thank you for knowing your stuff, Lara:) Cheers from Italy:)

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  3. This is such a good article on a great topic, one that is often ignored or not realised – women are not designed by nature to be weak, we are actually built to be a lot stronger and more powerful than men. I have written an article going into the biology of the female muscular sytem, that I hope compliments and adds to this post, you are welcome to leave it as a comment Xaan, but you are equally welcome to add illustrations if you like and post it on this blog as a main feature :)

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  4. Becoming stronger than men (part 1)
    Women in general have less strength due to social conditioning and life style. Today more women are participating in athletics and developing powerful physiques. But we still have far less opportunities to really show our true potential however; we are still underfunded, under represented, denied the same level of quality coaching that men receive and constantly fighting the stigma that somehow says a woman is less of a woman if she is physically strong (check my post on dealing with negativity). Yet despite all this at elite level women have come to within a fraction of matching the strength and power of the most strongest powerful men - not only can we close the strength gap we can and will reverse it, totally overturning the idea of men’s monopoly on physical strength.
    When patriarchy was at its height, men held all the power, including physically. Their greater physical power is because the size/strength disparity between men and women is an artificially generated and maintained phenomenon. Patriarchy was frightened of the physically superior woman. So they were given jobs that robbed them of their ability to stay physically fit and prevented them from learning ‘manly arts’ and made them physically weak. Men DEMANDED that women MUST be feeble, soft, submissive and dependant on men. Women's options were severely restricted, including the forms of exercise they could take. But we see in nature due to the biological capability of the female, physical prowess IS or should be actually the province of the female - the female body is FAR superior to the male, and we still today haven’t seen the full potential of what women are capable of. The upper limits of female athleticism, especially those related to strength and power, are still a long way from being reached.
    The strength of any given muscle, in terms of force exerted on the skeleton, depends upon 1) length, 2) shortening speed, 3) myosin isoforms, 4) neural activation and synchronisation of motor units, 5) pennation, and 6) cross sectional area

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  5. Becoming stronger than men part 2
    1) Studies show that weight training lengthens female muscle more than men; female muscles being longer are thus are able to create greater leverage than the counterpart male.
    2) Estrogen effects contractile speed since it acts as a lubricant enabling muscle fibres to move more freely against each other thus affecting the power of the contraction. The greater estrogen concentration in women thus enables far faster more power muscle contractions than men
    3) Multiple myosin II molecules generate force in skeletal muscle through a power stroke mechanism fuelled by the energy released from a process called ATP hydrolysis. Once again estrogen receptors govern: this force is only generated when the myosin molecular head is in its strong-binding state, that is, when it is strongly bound to actin in the muscle. The more estrogen, the stronger the myosin binding state and so the stronger the skeletal muscle force generated - once again female muscles with their added estrogen generate greater force than their feeble estrogen starved male counterparts
    4) Essential fat is important in both sexes for metabolism, conduction of nerve impulses and cell structure. As the essential fat storage in women is typically double the levels in men coupled with higher estrogen the neuromuscular system of women is far more efficient than that of men. Synchronization is the simultaneous firing of motoneurons which basically leads to more efficient motor unit recruitment. the more motoneurons that are activated at once, the more muscle fibers that contract at once and hence the stronger the total force of contraction. Synchronization is known to be significantly greater in females of all ages than men. Most men’s muscles only fire 30% of their muscle fibres. Men can elevate this % (male athletes can have over 35%) but it is pretty much set at that. However for women it is a widely different story and women who strength train have been shown to increase the percentage of muscle fibers that activate when a muscle is flexed quite drastically. The implication is that the female can become immensely strong – Theoretically, strength trained females could potentially have an activation percentage that reaches 60%, i.e. she can effectively become twice as strong - a 120 lbs female can be as strong as an average 240 lbs man and even a hell of a lot more!
    5) A pennate is a muscle with fascicles that attach obliquely to its tendon. These types of muscles allow higher force production due to the pennation angle. The angle formed by the individual muscle fibres with a muscle's line of action significantly impacts strength irrespective of muscle size, The force produced by pennate muscles is greater than the force produced by parallel muscles. Studies show women have more pennate muscle than men. Another advantage of pennate muscles is that more muscle fibres can be packed together, allowing the muscle to produce even more force during to greater muscle density – giving females muscles that are denser and stronger than men

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  6. Becoming stronger than men part 3
    6) It is due muscle cross sectional area size that gives the impression that men are stronger than women. Female csa is typically a lot less than men, men pack a lot of muscle mass due to testosterone and as a consequence generally have greater csa. But generally speaking, due to the previously discussed factors a woman's muscle will be capable of generating more force per unit of its csa. So the current strength gap relates exclusively to the fact that women have less total muscle to activate. People site men’s greater levels of testosterone as the main reason for this and since women have much less testosterone they can never develop enough muscle to compete with men. However, testosterone isn’t the only muscle building anabolic. Human growth hormone is also just as effective and you guessed it, production of estrogen is positively correlated with levels of HGH. The more estrogen circulating, the more HGH produced. Mean concentrations of GH are loads higher in women than men. The production of female hormones can have a monumental effect on women’s muscles and growth. There are 2 main ways to enhance the use of free HGH released in the body - quality strength training and getting the right nutrition with the proper use of amino acids. i.e. eat a high protein, low carbs good fat (fish oils, nut oils, coconut oil, olive oil etc.) diet. Research on protein metabolism comes to the same conclusion. Women build just as much muscle protein after training as men. In fact, 1 study found that per unit of muscle mass, women have a higher rate of muscle protein synthesis than men.
    There are more factors that arise from female biology that result in far superior muscular performance over men. The muscles in the human body are elastic like a rubber band. They can be stretched and fired. They store elastic energy which is your true source of power. When a tendon or muscle is stretched, elastic energy is stored in the muscle. Studies show women use greater proportion of stored elastic energy in their muscles than men. Additionally, during repeated contractions, female muscles are a lot more fatigue resistant (up to 75%) and recover a lot faster, women’s muscles not only contract with more power, they hold that power for twice as long. Female muscle tissue is more resilient; it resists tearing and damage and is less likely to get injured than men’s. Also Women have faster reflexes and are generally more agile and flexible.
    It is often the case that men get larger muscles without increasing their proportional strength; they get 10 percent bigger muscles but only 5 percent more strength. This is since male muscle growth is more biased to a phenomenon commonly referred to as sarcoplasmic hypertrophy - growth occurs by an increase in non-contractile elements in the muscle cell. Non-contractile hypertrophy includes increases in collagen, glycogen, and other cellular subunits. A Woman's muscle growth is more likely to be equal to her strength increase because FMG is more biased to myofibrillar hypertrophy – density increase in muscle fibres (See pennate).

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  7. Becoming stronger than men part 4
    So what does this really mean for girls? Well bitter truth for you guys, if a boy and girl are given the same training and the right nutrition from childhood, it is a proven fact that not only women but adolescent girls also will be much stronger than men; At about the age of about 10 girls start to produce oestrogen, progesterone and hgh which begin the bodily changes that happen during puberty These physical changes that occur in the female body are dramatic - a growth spurt produce a rapid growth of the bones, muscles and hence strength during puberty. But while many male athletes are conditioned to develop strength as a young child and hence see the benefits of strength training for their sport/health. This is not the case for younger female athletes; Strength training has been made to be an uncomfortable concept for many junior female athletes, but by not starting a strength programme early enough, these budding amazons reduce their ability to achieve the physicality they otherwise could.
    If we look specifically at junior female athletes aged 11-18 years old. Research predicts that once these teen girls work out their strength can be expected to be 5% greater than men between the ages 11-12, 10% between 13-14 and 15% by the time they are 16! Significantly stronger than adult men (examples are Varya Akulova, Zoe Smith and Rebekah Tiler)
    It doesn’t end here because men, while their strength peaks later than women (and nowhere near as great as female strength can potentially be), it also fades earlier, while they are in their 30s men start becoming becoming weaker, but the female is like a Duracell, if she keeps using her muscles and eating well, they do not fade away or get weaker - a female who maintains the appropriate lifestyle will keep her strength and power beyond the menopause and into her 70s.
    The male ego has trouble accepting it but men are the weaker sex - Not only are women stronger than men, so are girls and their grandmas!!! Xx>>xy #girrlzrule #girrrlpower #womenover men xD

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    1. The "Becoming Stronger than Men" comments remind me a little of the writings of Valerie Solanas, who also believed avidly in the superiority of women on a deep biological level. Solanas did actually concede that males have one area of superiority over women which was, according to her; "public relations". In her view, males had managed to convince the world, women and men, that the true powers and weaknesses of the sexes were the exctly the opposite of the beliefs of the times. She was right. Women have probably always known this, but were prevented from sharing the information openly. At the time she wrote that, in 1967, the male superiority machine was still in full swing and feminism was a fringe movement, ususally rferred to as "women's lib" - often pejoritavely.

      As the facts of female biological superiority are revealed and shared by women over and over, the reaction of males is partly one of fear and partly one of begrudging acceptance. Of course, many males have experienced female superiority first hand — those who have were — in the oast — able to pretend it was just a fluke. But over time, as more women gain confidence in their power, they are becoming more and more relentless in their quest to reclaim their rightful place as the ultimate embodiment of human strength and put males back in second place where we belong.

      Women have been told by males for spcenturies that they should be content and happy to accept being the inferior weaker sex. Now it's time for us males to find out what it's like to face the very fate we tried to foist on women, but this time it's based on the truth.

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    2. Here is the Valerie Solanas quote, rather than my muddled paraphrasing:

      "Being an incomplete female, the male spends his life attempting to complete himself, to become female. He attempts to do this by constantly seeking out, fraternizing with and trying to live through an fuse with the female, and by claiming as his own all female characteristics -- emotional strength and independence, forcefulness, dynamism, decisiveness, coolness, objectivity, assertiveness, courage, integrity, vitality, intensity, depth of character, grooviness, etc -- and projecting onto women all male traits -- vanity, frivolity, triviality, weakness, etc. It should be said, though, that the male has one glaring area of superiority over the female -- public relations. (He has done a brilliant job of convincing millions of women that men are women and women are men). The male claim that females find fulfillment through motherhood and sexuality reflects what males think they'd find fulfilling if they were female."

      Today she would likely add muscular superiority to the female strength that males have claimed to possess.

      XX >>> x y

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    3. Hi yboy, Didn't valerie write the scum manifest in which she says it is needed to overthrow society and eliminate the male sex. I know we are nothing compared to women but to eliminate the male sex? That's really drastic. :-)

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    4. The problem with this is who wants a world where there isn’t enough men to go around, I’m not sharing my pets with anyone! :p Ace

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    5. You are indeed a generous woman, Ace. Perhaps serving as pets to Amazons will be the true role of worthy males in the not too distant future ... or else.

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  8. Wow you really do know your stuff!?! Thanks once again for the scientific back-up. There is a lot to digest here and it is great to be able to air these facts on a public forum. If anyone was in any doubt about he superior physicality of women, there can be no arguing against this solid science...

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  9. Some sources (incomplete) for the more technically minded
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3597252 study showing untrained female muscles generate greater peak torque and work output size for size than male bodybuilders as well as untrained men (This was done in the 80s before there were really any women bodybuilders about, a study done a year later involved a female who was recreationally strength training/bodybuilding (no PED’s and a pure amateur) and some pro male bodybuilders, it was quite dramatic in showing that this strength gap widens still when women strength train, it deserves an article by itself which I will write and post one day :) )
    http://www.fasebj.org/content/23/2/631?ijkey=61cab85d37cad7f234aaaa9d66139b71d586b8f0&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha Study showing women have higher muscle protein synthesis than men
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7558529 Research that shows that the female body reacts better to strength training than men, adjusts faster to cope with the demands made of it and makes greater gains, building up more strength
    Female muscles fatigue slower and recover faster than male
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10606825?access_num=10606825&link_type=MED&dopt=Abstract
    Men take 48 hrs to recover from max strength exertion women take 4 hours
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20625191
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7787056/ The mechanism of force generation in myosin a molecular mechanism of force generation in muscle, discusses estrogens performance
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2873087/ Mechanisms behind Estrogens’ Beneficial Effect on Muscle Strength in Females.
    http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00972.x/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+unavailable+on+Saturday+14th+May+11%3A00-14%3A00+BST+%2F+06%3A00-09%3A00+EDT+%2F+18%3A00-21%3A00+SGT+for+essential+maintenance.Apologies+for+the+inconvenience.&userIsAuthenticated=false&deniedAccessCustomisedMessage= Basic concepts about genes, inactivity and aging shows that women who keep strength training into old age do not have the strength losses inactive women suffer associated with the menopause discussed in previous article
    http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/jcem-25-11-1470 Effects of Estrogen and Sex Difference on Secretion of Human Growth Hormone. When fasting (poor nutrition) women have comparable hgh to men, but this elevates drastically greater than men when fast is broken
    http://jap.physiology.org/content/61/5/1796.short Sex and training differences in human growth hormone levels during prolonged exercise. women have higher hgh levels than men, but men who exercise can achieve higher levels than women don’t but not than women who train, both articles implying that the reason women are generally smaller and weaker than men is due to diet and activity – women are built to be bigger and stronger than men!

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  10. I also really enjoyed reading the scientific background. It confirms what I already knew. My wife worksout almost daily and is far stronger than me and even men who look bigger than her.

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    1. A woman can be stronger than men up to three times her size.

      Striker

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  11. Here's another interesting article that pertains to Women's technical and biological advantages. It seems that theres more proof that testosterone not only has an adverse effect on male muscle power (despite rumors to the contrary) but it also dulls male brains. http://coach.nine.com.au/2017/05/01/11/24/testosterone-men-decision-making-cognitive-reflection

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  12. Still more proof of female muscle superiority ... http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/women-more-stamina-muscle-endurance-exercise-sport-men-science-study-university-of-british-columbia-a7911776.html

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    1. The article presents the study's results very wrongly, as it gives a wrong (albeit popular) definition of stamina. Stamina isn't just the duration. If you want to measure stamina, you must multiply duration with work rate. The participants of the study were of similar age and athletic ability, so they expectedly achieved very similar stamina levels, with the men trying to do the activity faster and the women spreading it over a longer period of time on purpose, probably because they think they 'll get hurt or something. And then there are the ignorant fucks in the comment section saying that the study is sexist (as if it were presented well enough to be properly judged by hateful beings) and that feminists are allowed to be sexist (as if patriarchists are not). I am neither a feminist nor a patriarchist, just want to point out that the last comment "predicts" the deletion of anything that goes against feminism, yet both that and the comment it replies to are still up. Constantina

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    2. I think I see what you're saying about the presentation of the study results. It would seem though that it still shows quite clearly, though it should already be common knowledge, that women's muscular endurance is far greater than males. I think if women were not to buy into the myths of "equality" with males, then they would open up a gap in athletic ability which males could never close.

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    3. Thought I had already replied to this, but nevermind. Women's muscular endurance is indeed far greater than men's (I 've seen that play out in countless different cases), but just because this particular study says so doesn't mean it is a proper study. The total work to be done was the same for everyone - same goes for the participants' athletic ability (given what the article itself says - we don't even know how they define this term, their definition might be incomplete or wrong). The fact itself is indeed a fact, but this specific article doesn't prove it. If we want to convince the others, we 'd better use proper evidence. Constantina

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    4. Constantina, I apologize if my comment seemed redundant. I do appreciate your patience. As a male I know I may not be as capable of seeing some of these issues with the same clarity as a female. All in all I am incredibly envious and in awe of the superiority of women and girls in their minds and their bodies.

      As you say, certain aspect of female superiority have not been properly defined. Perhaps this is partly due to the fact that males have been (up until recently) the ones doing the defining. We all know what a mess the male sex has made of the world. Women now have the difficult task of not only redefining so many patriarchal inaccuracies, but defining many things for the first time which males have been reluctant to deal with.

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    5. Thank you for your kind words. The problem I see with definitions is that each side defines things according to its own liking. There is a general tendency towards oversimplified definitions, which is what I think this research might also be conforming with - but I only think it might do so because the article writer does not mention the definition used for athletic ability, therefore the chance of being right is equal to the chance of being wrong. Proper presentation of a study requires some standards, one of them being the proper presentation of how each term used in the study has been defined. Else I can also open a Word file, type in some random terms and claim I 've come up with a study - but hopefully we all understand it will be of no serious use. Constantina

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